THIBODEAUX, Chief Judge.
In this property contamination case for injunctive relief and restoration damages against numerous mineral lessees, the trial court granted the lessees' dilatory exceptions of prematurity and improper cumulation, dismissed the property owner's suit without prejudice, and denied her motion for new trial. On appeal, we reverse the trial court's granting of the exception of prematurity but affirm the court's granting of the exception of improper cumulation and the dismissal of the suit of Ms. Phyllis Smith McDonald, the only plaintiff remaining after all other claims were settled.
We shall consider the trial court's judgment:
This case arises out of alleged soil and groundwater contamination from oil and
After the Dietz plaintiffs filed a First Supplemental and Amending Petition in 2008, the defendants responded by filing a dilatory exception of prematurity, arguing that the defendants were not given proper notice prior to suit as required under Mineral Code Article 136 and that the claims for restoration were premature given the leases were still in effect and operations were ongoing. The defendants also filed a dilatory exception of improper cumulation, contending that the suit lacked the requisite community of interest among the actions and parties. In 2009, the trial court delayed a ruling on the exception of prematurity but granted the exception of improper cumulation, ordering the plaintiffs to amend the petition by electing the actions they wished to proceed with and deleting the actions they wished to discard.
The Dietz plaintiffs subsequently filed a Second Supplemental and Amending Petition, but failed to remove any parties or actions. In response to this petition, the defendants reasserted the exception of prematurity and the exception of improper cumulation, requesting that plaintiffs' claims be dismissed under La.Code Civ.P. art. 464 for failure to comply with an order to amend. The Dietz plaintiffs then filed a Third Supplemental and Amending Petition in which they joined Ms. Phyllis Smith McDonald, the ex-wife of one of the Dietz plaintiffs and co-owner in indivision of the properties, as a plaintiff in the action. The eight original Dietz plaintiffs then settled on March 13, 2012, leaving Ms. McDonald as the sole plaintiff in the suit.
The trial court granted the defendants' exceptions of prematurity and improper cumulation, reasoning that the defendants did not receive the requisite notice prior to suit under La.R.S. 31:136, and that there was no community of interest among the cumulated actions. The court dismissed Ms. McDonald's suit without prejudice and later denied her motion for new trial.
A trial court's granting of a dilatory exception of prematurity and an exception of improper cumulation is a final judgment subject to a manifest error standard of review. Pinegar v. Harris, 08-1112 (La.App. 1 Cir. 6/12/09), 20 So.3d 1081; Lee v. Carruth, 221 So.2d 548 (La.App. 3 Cir.), writ denied, 254 La. 470, 223 So.2d 873 (1969).
A trial court's decision to deny a motion for new trial is an interlocutory judgment subject to appeal for abuse of discretion only upon a showing of irreparable harm. Dural v. City of Morgan City, 449 So.2d 1047 (La.App. 1 Cir.1984). However, "where a motion for appeal refers
Ms. McDonald argues that the trial court erred in granting the dilatory exception of prematurity, reasoning that pre-suit notice of property contamination claims are not required under the Louisiana Mineral Code and lessors may sue for such damages prior to the termination of the oil and gas lease. We agree.
In granting the exception of prematurity, the trial court reasoned that the defendants did not receive advanced written notice of the property restoration claims prior to filing as required by Mineral Code article 136. However, this reasoning is flawed. In pertinent part, Article 136 provides:
The Louisiana Supreme Court has explicitly held that restoration claims from oil and gas contamination are not governed by Article 136 and do not require pre-suit notice since such claims "are separate and distinct from any claims that defendants failed to develop and operate the property[.]" Broussard v. Hilcorp Energy Co., 09-449, p. 12 (La.10/20/09), 24 So.3d 813, 820. As Ms. McDonald's claims all involve restoration damages for groundwater and soil contamination, they are not governed by Article 136 and no pre-suit notice is necessary.
While the trial court did not discuss in its judgment whether a suit against a lessee for restoration damages may be brought during the term of a lease, Ms. McDonald still contends that such claims are not premature. We agree as the Louisiana Supreme Court has, in our view, definitively decided this issue. In Marin v. Exxon Mobil Corp. 09-2368 (La.10/19/10), 48 So.3d 234, the supreme court held that a lessor's suit for soil and groundwater contamination damages resulting from oil and gas operations may be brought prior to the end of a mineral lease. In reaching its holding, the court reviewed a lessee's statutory obligations under a mineral lease:
Marin, 48 So.3d at 255-56.
After outlining the lessee obligations, the Marin court reasoned that "while [La.Civ. Code] art. 2683 contains obligations that only arise at the end of the lease ..., there is absolutely no language to suggest that the other obligations imposed by these codal provisions are not operational until termination of the lease." Id. at 256. Here, as in Marin, Ms. McDonald's claims involve damages for soil and groundwater contamination. As such, while the leases may still be in effect, these claims are not premature because there is no language in the mineral or civil codes to suggest these claims for damages only arise upon lease termination.
The defendants rely on three past decisions to support their position that Ms. McDonald's restoration claims are not effective until the termination of the mineral leases. However, this reliance is unfounded in light of Marin.
First, the defendants cite language from the Louisiana Supreme Court opinion, Corbello v. Iowa Production, 02-826 (La.2/25/03), 850 So.2d 686, which outlines the temporal scope of a lessee's duty to repair the leased premises under a specific mineral lease:
Corbello, 850 So.2d at 703.
While this language arises in a supreme court opinion, we reject it as merely dicta lacking persuasive force in light of the outcome determinative reasoning in Marin. Moreover, we favor Marin given the fact that it post-dates Corbello and represents the latest expression of the law.
The defendants next rely on Dore Energy Corp. v. Carter-Langham, Inc., 04-1373 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/4/05), 901 So.2d 1238,
Ms. McDonald argues that the trial court erred in granting the defendants' exception of improper cumulation due to a lack of community interest between the joined parties. She further contends that the trial court improperly dismissed her case without prejudice for improper cumulation. We disagree.
Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure Article 463 outlines the three requirements for proper cumulation of actions:
In determining whether the requisite community of interest exists, the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal provides further guidance:
Albarado v. Union Pac. R.R. Co., 00-2540, pp. 10-11 (La.App. 4 Cir. 4/25/01), 787 So.2d 431, 438 reversed on other grounds, 01-1537 (La.9/14/01), 796 So.2d 666.
Applying this test to Ms. McDonald's claims, there is no community of interest. In making this determination, we find our court's conclusion in Broussard v. Hilcorp Energy Co., 08-233 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/10/08), 998 So.2d 946, aff'd, 09-449 (La.10/20/09), 24 So.3d 813 especially compelling. In Broussard, this court upheld an exception of improper cumulation in a case involving property contamination on noncontiguous tracts with multiple leases and numerous operators allegedly at fault.
Ms. McDonald's argument that the trial court erred in dismissing her case for improper cumulation also lacks merit. Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure Article 464 states, in pertinent part, that:
In accordance with this procedure, the trial court granted the defendants' exception for improper cumulation in 2009 and ordered the plaintiffs to amend their petition by deleting all actions in which they elected to discontinue. In reviewing the record, the plaintiffs failed to comply with this order in their Second Supplemental and Amending Petition as they did not delete any actions but merely stated the same causes of action with greater detail and more allegations. The Third Supplemental and Amending Petition also failed to correct the cumulation error as it only added Ms. McDonald as a plaintiff in the litigation. Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure Article 464 clearly states that "[t]he penalty for noncompliance with an order to amend is a dismissal of plaintiff's suit." This language is not discretionary; it is mandatory under the Code. While we recognize that Ms. McDonald entered the litigation after the other plaintiffs failed to comply with the cumulation order, she still elected to adopt all of the prior pleadings and allegations. As such, she is bound by the consequence of these pleadings which, in this instance, is dismissal for noncompliance. See Bailey ex. Rel. Brown v. ExxonMobil Corp., 11-459 (La.App. 5 Cir. 5/31/12), 102 So.3d 167, writ denied, 12-2204 (La.1/18/13), 107 So.3d 629. Accordingly, we find the trial court was not manifestly erroneous in dismissing the suit without prejudice.
Ms. McDonald contends that the trial court erred in denying her motion for new trial. We reject this argument as this appeal should be maintained solely as one on the merits. "[W]here a motion for appeal refers by date to the judgment denying a motion for new trial, but the circumstances indicate that the appellant actually intended to appeal from the final judgment on the merits, the appeal should be maintained as being taken from the judgment on the merits" Dural v. City of Morgan City, 449 So.2d 1047, 1048 (La.App. 1 Cir. 1984). In order to show intent, the appellate court may consider "the appellant's assertion to that effect, whether the parties briefed issues on the merits of the final judgment and whether the language of the order granting the appeal indicated
For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the trial court's granting of the exception of prematurity, but we affirm the granting of the exception of improper cumulation and the dismissal of Ms. McDonald's case without prejudice. Costs are assessed against Ms. McDonald.
AMY, J., concurs in part, dissents in part, and assigns reasons.
AMY, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.
I concur in the result reached by the majority in its reversal of the decision sustaining the exception of prematurity. However, I respectfully dissent from the remainder of the opinion since I would reverse the trial court's decision sustaining the exception of improper cumulation of actions. In my opinion, this matter satisfies the requirements of La.Code Civ.P. art. 463 and is factually distinguishable from the factual background described in Broussard v. Hilcorp Energy Co., 08-233 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/10/08), 998 So.2d 946. In Broussard, the properties involved were five, non-contiguous tracts located in three separate sections. Id. The Broussard panel additionally explained that "different parties and combinations of parties [were] alleged to have contributed to the contamination on each [tract], and the times at which contamination allegedly occurred differ[ed] for each property." Id. at 953. The present matter, however, offers fewer dimensions than did Broussard. Notably, the appellant is the sole remaining plaintiff and the involved property is limited to two tracts of land, located within the same quarter of a quarter of a section. The plaintiff alleges that the same groundwater plumes affect both tracts. Given these circumstances, I find that there was a sufficient community of interest in this case to satisfy the requirements of La. Code Civ.P. art. 463.
In sum, and for the foregoing reasons, I would reverse both the exception of prematurity and the exception of improper cumulation of actions sustained by the trial court. I respectfully concur in part and dissent in part from the majority opinion.